Long history of microsoft windows os

In 1983, Microsoft Announced the development of a graphical interface for its own operating system, MS-DOS That was created for IBM PC systems since 1981.


Windows 1.0

The first version of Microsoft Windows, Called Windows 1.0, released on November 20, 1985. This version has many deficiencies in Some functionality, making it less popular in the market. In Windows version 1.0 was originally going to Called the Interface Manager, but Rowland Hanson, the head of marketing at Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft convinced the company That the name "Windows" will of some more appealing to consumers. Windows 1.0 is not a complete operating system, but only extend the capability of MS-DOS with additional graphical interface. In Addition, Windows 1.0 Also has problems and weaknesses The Same That Are Owned by the MS-DOS.



Furthermore, Apple's sue Microsoft made Microsoft to limit capabilities. For example, the windows in Windows 1.0 Can only be displayed on the screen are "tiled" so That Windows Can not overwrite Each other Each other. In Addition, Standard and Poor 'there is no place Used to save the file before being deleted (Recycle Bin), since Apple believes That they want to have rights That paradigm. Microsoft later removed both of These limitations by signing a license agreement with Apple.


Windows 2.x

Windows version 2 Came out on December 9, 1987, and Became slightly more popular than its predecessor. Much of the popularity Because of its proximity to graphical applications-Microsoft, Microsoft Excel for Windows and Microsoft Word for Windows. Windows applications Can be run from MS-DOS, then enter Windows to perform operations, and will of Itself Pls be out by the application is closed.

Microsoft Windows eventually obtained a significant improvement Pls Aldus PageMaker appeared in versions for Windows, Which Previously run only on Macintosh. Some computer experts noted historians as the Emergence of a significant application other than Microsoft's That behavior as the early success of artificial Microsoft Windows.

Windows version 2.0x using real-mode memory model, Which is only capable of Accessing up to 1 megabyte of memory. In such a configuration, Windows Can run any other application multitasking, Standard and Poor DESQview, Which runs in protected mode offered by the Intel 80286.




Windows 2.1x

Furthermore, two Were released new versions, namely Windows/386 Windows/286 2.1 and 2.1. Like previous versions of Windows, Windows/286 using real-mode memory model, but it was the first version That supports the High Memory Area (HMA). Windows/386 2.1 That had a kernel runs in protected mode emulation with Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) standard Lotus-Intel-Microsoft (LIM), the predecessor specification Extended Memory Specification (XMS), Which would Finally change the topology of the IBM PC . All Windows and DOS-based applications Pls it was running in real mode, Which runs on top of the protected mode kernel using virtual 8086 mode, Which Which is a new feature is Owned by the Intel 80386.




2:03 Version 3.0 and later versions of Apple's demands Because it is version 1.2 has the appearance of windows in a cascade fashion (Stacked), in Addition to Standard Chartered Bank features of Apple's Macintosh operating system is "copied" by Windows, the main problem of appearance / look and feel. Judge William Schwarzer eventually undo Were all 189 claims, except for nine claims filed by Apple against Microsoft on January 5, 1989.




Success with Windows 3.0

Microsoft Windows eventually reached a very significant success Pls stepping on version 3.0, released in 1990. In Addition to the improved capabilities of Windows applications, Windows 3.0 Also allows users to run MS-DOS Trust applications simultaneously (multitasking), since it was introduced in this version of virtual memory. It made version of the IBM PC and compatibles serious challenger to the Apple Macintosh. This is due to the improved graphics of the time (with the graphics card Video Graphics Array (VGA)), and the Protected / Enhanced mode 386 Which allowed Windows applications to use more memory with an Easier way than what offered by MS-DOS.

Windows 3.0 Can run in three modes, namely the real-mode, standard mode, and 386 Enhanced mode, and is compatible with the Intel family of processors from Intel 8086/8088, 80 286, up to 80 386. Windows 3.0 will of try to detect Which mode to use, although Windows users May be forced to work in a particular fashion only by using certain switches running it Pls

* Win / r: force Windows to run in real mode
* Win / s: forcing Windows to run in standard mode
* Win / 3: forcing Windows to run in 386 Enhanced mode.

Also version 3.0 is the first version of Windows That is running in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel was an enhanced version of the kernel of the kernel in protected mode Windows/386.

Due to the backwards compatibility feature, Windows 3.0 applications must be compiled using 16-bit environment, so do not use the capabilities of the Intel 80386 microprocessor, Incidentally Which is 32-bit processors.

Also Windows 3.0 is present in the "multimedia" version, Called Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, Which Trust was released months later. This version is bundled with "multimedia upgrade kits," Which consists of a CD-ROM drive and a sound card, like Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro. This version is the pioneer of all the multimedia features available in later versions of Windows, like Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups, and changed from part of Microsoft's Multimedia PC specification.

The features mentioned above and support the application software market growing 3.0 makes Windows extremely Successful in the market. Recorded in the two years prior to the release of version 3.1, Windows 3.0 sold over 10 million copies. Finally, Windows 3.0 was a major source of revenue to Microsoft, and Microsoft did make Some revisions to the original plan.




Temporary switch to OS / 2

During the mid to late 1980s, Microsoft and IBM worked together to develop a successor to the DOS operating system, Called the IBM OS / 2. OS / 2 cans use all the capabilities offered by Intel 80286 microprocessor and memory capable of Accessing up to 16 Megabytes. OS / 2 1.0 was released in 1987, Which features of the swapping and multitasking allows MS-DOS applications to run on it.

OS / 2 version 1.0 is just an operating system-based text mode / command line only. OS / 2 version 1.1, released in 1988, Offers a graphical interface, Called the Presentation Manager (PM). Same Presentation Manager uses the coordinate system with Cartesian coordinates, unlike the Windows operating system, and Some other GUI systems. Use of the coordinate system is causing the point x, y 0.0 on OS / 2 is placed on the lower left corner of the screen, while on Windows, peletakannya on the top left corner. OS / 2 version 1.2, released in 1989, introduces a new file system, Called the High Performance File System (HPFS), Which is intended to replace the file system, file allocation table (FAT).

In the early 1990s, the Relationship Between Microsoft and IBM Were stretched due to the appearance of a conflict. This is Because they want work together in developing a personal computer operating systems respectively (IBM with OS / 2 and Microsoft with its Windows), both have access to the code of Each operating system. Microsoft wanted to further development of the Windows operating system, while IBM has a desire That all future work to be made based on OS / 2. In an attempt to end this conflict, IBM and Microsoft Agreed That IBM would develop OS / 2 version 2.0, to replace the OS / 2 version 1.3 and Windows 3.0, while Microsoft would develop a new operating system, OS / 2 version 3.0, WHO would later Succeed OS / 2 version 2.0.

This Agreement does not last too long, so the relationship IBM and Microsoft would be stopped. IBM continued to develop OS / 2, while Microsoft changed the name of the operating system, OS / 2 version 3.0 (not yet released) to Windows NT. Both still have the right to use technology to OS / 2 and Windows That have been formed Until the termination of the agreement, however, Windows NT was really written as a new operating system, and Mostly independently of the code IBM OS / 2.



After version 1.3 was released to fix Some problems in the OS / 2 version 1.x, IBM released OS / 2 version 2.0 in 1992. Version 2.0 Offers Improvements significant, namely an object-oriented GUI, Called the Workplace Shell (WPS), Which Included a desktop and is Considered by many to be the best feature in the OS / 2. Microsoft would later "copied" some elements of the Workplace Shell on Windows 95 operating system was released three years later. Version 2.0 APIs That Also Offers support a full 32-bit Intel 80386's, so offer multitasking, and Can address up to 4 gigabytes of memory. Nevertheless, much of the internal system, still uses 16-bit code, Which requires device drivers to be written using 16-bit code as well, in Addition to Standard Chartered Bank internal other Things. This is one reason why OS / 2 lack of hardware drivers. Version 2.0 Is Also Able to run DOS and Windows 3.0, since IBM still has the right to use DOS and Windows code after the "Divorce" The Relationship Between Them.

At the time, it was not clear WHO would win the so-called "desktop wars" but at the end of OS / 2 Is Unable to Get Enough of market share even though IBM China Trust released versions of OS / 2 is much harder than ever after This 2.0 version.
The Emergence of dualism: Windows 3.1 down to home-based and Windows NT markets Fell into the corporate market




Windows 3.1


In response to the release of the IBM OS / 2 version 2.0 to market, Microsoft developed the Windows 3.1, Which Offers Some Minor Improvements to Windows 3.0 (Standard and Poor 'the ABILITY to display fonts TrueType fonts, developed jointly by Apple), and Also present in it lots of bug fixes and support for multimedia. Also Version 1.3 removes support for real mode, so That only runs in protected mode only Which is Possessed by the Intel 80286 microprocessor or higher. Also Microsoft released Windows 3.11, a version of Windows 3.1 That includes all patches and updates released after Windows 3.1 was launched in 1992.




Windows for Workgroups

At about the Same Time, Microsoft released Windows for Workgroups, available both as an extra for Windows 3.1 and in a version That Included the base Windows environment and additional networking capabilities in one package. Windows for Workgroups includes network drivers and protocol stacks better, and Also supports a network of peer-to-peer. One optional download for Windows for Workgroups is a protocol stack TCP / IP with the code name "Wolverine", Which allows access to the Internet through a corporate network. Windows for Workgroups was released in two versions, Windows for Workgroups 1.3 and Windows for Workgroups 3.11. Unlike previous Windows versions, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 only runs in 386 Enhanced mode, and requires at least a machine with an Intel 80386SX.

All versions are continuously increasing in the rate of sales of the Windows version 3.x. Although Windows 3.1x still has many shortcomings, Which Were Corrected by OS / 2, Standard and Poor 'long file names (more than 11 characters, in format 8.3), desktop, or the protection of the system to conduct unwanted applications, Microsoft took over Quickly GUI market in desktop market share for the IBM PC and compatibles. Windows API Became the de-facto standard for consumer software.





Windows NT

During That Time, Microsoft continued to develop its new operating system, Called Windows NT. The main Architects of Windows NT was Dave Cutler, the WHO is one of the Chief Architects of VMS at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Which was then Bought by Compaq, now part of Hewlett-Packard. Microsoft hired him "in 1988 to create a version of OS / 2 Which is portable, but Cutler instead create a new operating system.

Before moving to Microsoft, Cutler actually make a router on the DEC VMS operating system, Called Mica. Officials at the DEC and thwart the project, he Came out of the DEC and many skilled workers brought with him "to Microsoft. DEC has brought the conviction Mica That's code for use by Microsoft and sued. Finally, Microsoft was defeated and eventually Told to pay 150 million U.S. dollars and has an agreement to support the new CPU chip buaan DEC, DEC Alpha, Which was then Recorded as a fastest chip, in order to run under Windows NT.

Windows NT 3.1 (Microsoft marketing field requires Windows NT to be seen as continuation of Windows 3.1) Finally appears first in Beta form for software developers in July 1992 in an event Professional Developers Conference (PDC), held in San Francisco, California, United States . Also Microsoft Announced its intention to develop an operating system successor to Windows NT as well as the successor to Windows 3.1 in the conference (which is code-named Chicago), Which will from then integrate the two into a unified operating system. The operating system was named Cairo.

It turned out Cairo That was a project That is more complex than what Had been Anticipation of potential future by Microsoft, and the result, NT and Chicago would not be unified Until Windows XP was launched. In Addition, parts of Cairo have not appeared in the Microsoft Windows operating system to date. An example is WinFS subsystem, Which is an implementation of the Object File System of Cairo, Which Had been done by Microsoft in Some time, but Microsoft Announced That they want stop the development of WinFS and will from incorporate technologies developed for WinFS in the Microsoft products and Others technologies, ESPECIALLY the Microsoft SQL Server.

Support for the Windows NT device drivers are not very much Also Because it is developing drivers for Windows NT is complex Considered by Some developers, in Addition to Windows NT Also has a superiority in Hardware Abstraction model. This problem has plagued all versions of Windows NT to Windows NT 5.0 (Windows 2000) out to the market. Programmers complained That developing drivers for Windows NT is something That is complicated, and hardware developers Also do not want to risk "for developing drivers for an operating system That has limited market share. In Addition, although Windows NT Offers good performance and Fuller exploitation of system resources more efficiently, in Some systems with limited hardware, Windows NT is Considered as a wasteful system resources. This resulted in the Emergence of Windows NT That public opinion is only suitable for large machines and are much more expensive Also (like the DEC Alpha workstations with Intel Pentium or Pls it was still new). Windows NT would not work for private users Because of high demand resources. In Addition, it uses the GUI is just a copy of Windows 3.1 GUI, Which is still far behind compared to the Workplace Shell of OS / 2, so the reason is the replacement for Windows NT and Windows 3.1 is absurd.

However, the features That make Windows NT tersebutlah the perfect choice for server market share of local network (LAN), Which in 1993 is undergoing a massive boom, along with commodity networks in the office has increased dramatically. Networking features in Windows NT Trust Offers connectivity options and an extensive network of course Also the NTFS file system is efficient. Windows NT 3.51 is the belle of Microsoft's plunge into this market, Which later took over most of the market share Previously held by Novell in the next Few years.

One of the Largest increases from Windows NT is the Application Programming Interface (API), a new 32-bit, Which was created to replace the Windows API 16-bit long. 32-bit API Is Called the Win32 API, And that is where Microsoft refers to the API 16-bit long as Win16. Win32 API has three main implementations: one for Windows NT (which is a complete Win32 API with support for ANSI or Unicode), one for Win32s (that is part of the Win32 That Could be Used on Windows 3.1 systems), and one for Chicago Also (which only supports ANSI). This Causes a high compatibility Between Chicago and Windows NT, even though the two systems are very Different Pls viewed from the base architecture.

Windows NT is the first Windows operating system made by using a hybrid kernel, only after the previous versions only uses a monolithic kernel.




Windows 1995


After Windows 3.11, Microsoft began to develop a version of Windows oriented to the user code-named Chicago. Chicago was Designed to mmeiliki support for pre-emptive multitasking 32-bit as well as That contained in the OS / 2 and Windows NT, although the 16-bit kernel is still there in it for Reasons of backward compatibility. Win32 API first introduced in Windows NT was adopted as a standard programming interface-based 32-bit, compatibility with Win16 Also is Maintained by using a technique Called the "thunking". The new GUI is Also Owned by the operating system, although Microsoft did not initially planned as part of the operating system it was released Pls. Indeed Some user interface elements That are Owned by the Cairo borrowed and added to serve targeted operating system as other aspects of That version (notably Plug and Play).

Microsoft does not replace all the Windows code to 32-bit; parts of it remained many 16-bit (although it does not use real mode direct) for Reasons of backwards compatibility, performance, and development time. And The Fact That this many weaknesses in the design of Earlier Windows versions, making this new system operating efficiency and stability.

Finally, Microsoft's marketing division adopted Windows 95 as the product name for Chicago Pls it was released on August 24, 1995. Microsoft has two advantages from this release: 1) it is impossible for consumers to run the Windows 1995 operating system, non-Microsoft DOS is much Cheaper; 2), although traces Were never completely removed from the DOS operating system, even the plugged version a DOS version to be published as part of the booting process, Windows 95 runs by Itself in 386 Enhanced mode, using the memory and virtual memory 32-bit flat. Features That Make Win32 applications of virtual RAM to a maximum of 2 gigabytes (with 2 gigabytes of the rest are reserved for the operating system), and in theory prevents the application for the memory space is Owned by the other Win32 applications without the approval of the operating system. In this case, the functionality of Windows 95 approaching what is Owned by Windows NT, although Windows 95/98/Me do not support more than 512 megabytes without editing the system configuration hassle.

Behind the success of Microsoft, IBM continued to market OS / 2, to Produce OS / 2 3.0 and OS / 2 Warp (version 4.0). IBM responded to complaints by consumers about the need for high computer hardware required by the OS / 2 version 2.0, OS / 2 version 3.0 was significantly more streamlined by optimizing the size and speed. Before Windows 95 was released, OS / 2 Warp 3.0 Standard Chartered Bank has even bundled in major hardware providers in Germany. However, with the release of Windows 95, OS / 2 once again lost market share back, was taken over by Windows 1995.

May not be possible to find out what was the reason why OS / 2 failed in obtaining a large market share. Although OS / 2 continues to be Able to run Windows 3.1 applications, Which actually has no shortage Anymore, except on a small portion of the Windows API Called Win32s. Unlike Windows 3.1, IBM did not have access to the source code of Windows 1995 and did not want to Spend time and resources available to do the emulation of the Win32 API. Also IBM introduced OS / 2 in the case United States v. Microsoft, blaming on the part of Microsoft's Marketing Tactics, but many people agree That May the problems in IBM's own marketing and support That is lacking from the software developers WHO cause the failure / 2.

Before you replace it with a new version of Windows That Microsoft released Windows 95 in Five Different versions, namely Mutation

* Windows 95 - the original release of Windows 95

* Windows 95 A - Original Included Windows 1995 Service Release 1 (OSR1) are inserted directly on the installation.

* Windows 95 B - Trust includes other major reforms, like the FAT32 file system, and Internet Explorer 3.0. This version is Also Known as the Windows 95 OSR2, or many people in Indonesia call it as Windows 1997.

* Windows 95 B USB - Windows 95 or Windows 95 is a version OSR2.1 That Offers support for bus-based hardware Universal Serial Bus / USB.

* Windows 95 C - or Windows 95 OSR2.5 includes all the features above, plus Internet Explorer 4.0. This version is the most recently released version of the Windows 1995 series.

Windows 95 OSR2, OSR2.1 and OSR2.5 not released to the public, but only to OEMs That want to use the operating system onto computers. Some companies even sell OEM new hard disk with operating system Windows 95 OSR2 on it.

Besides the features contained in Windows 1995, Microsoft introduced Also Microsoft Plus! for Windows 1995 Standard Chartered Bank That includes additional features That Are not Owned by Windows 1995.





Windows NT 4.0


Microsoft released Windows NT 4.0, as the successor to Windows NT 3.x Successful threaten the dominance of Novell Netware and UNIX in the corporate market. Windows NT 4.0 was initially developed as a part of its effort to Introduce to the market of Windows NT workstations. NT 4.0 has the Same interface with Windows 1995, but using the Same with the Windows NT kernel, and Thus more stable. Indeed, there is a patch was available for Windows NT 3.51 NT 3.51 is Able to create so much like NT 4.0, but is very unstable and has many bugs. The user interface was initially developed on Windows NT, but since Windows 95 was released prior to NT 4.0, then people tend to think "Windows NT 4.0 is a copy of Windows 95."

Windows NT 4.0 comes in four versions:

* Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
* Windows NT 4.0 Server
* Windows NT 4.0 Server, Enterprise Edition (which includes support for clustering and up to 8-way SMP)
* Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server



Windows 1998


On June 25, 1998, Microsoft released a new Windows operating system, Known as the Windows 1998. Windows 1998 is Considered as a minor revision of Windows 1995, but is viewed much more Generally stable and reliable than its predecessor, Windows 1995. Windows 1998 includes many new hardware drivers and supports the FAT32 file system That Could better allow the partition to have a capacity larger than 2 gigabytes, a restriction contained in Windows 1995. USB support in Windows 1998 was far better than Also its predecessor.

Windows 98 invited controversy Pls Microsoft entered the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser into the operating system and Can not be revoked, making Windows Explorer and the Windows GUI is capable of Displaying a directory like the web pages. This opened a new case, United States v. Called Microsoft, the WHO asked why Microsoft bothered to maintain its dominance in personal computer operating systems with its Rivals to Compete Poor 'Netscape and IBM in a Way That Is not honest.

In 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, a release That Offers a considerable Increase compared to previous versions. Internet Connection Sharing, Which was a form of Network Address Translation, Which allows multiple machines on a local network in order to use a single Internet connection together was introduced in this version. Many minor problems in Windows That long has been Corrected, Which makes the Windows 98 by many as a version of Windows 9x is the most stable Among all the other versions of Windows 9x.





Windows 2000


Microsoft released Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000, an Earlier Known as the Windows NT version 5.0 or NT 5.0. "Version of Windows 2000 is intended for the two markets, namely market share Also share a workstation and server market.

Among the features of Windows 2000's most significant is the Active Directory, a network model of the replacement domain NT network model, Which uses industry-standard technologies, Standard and Poor 'Domain Name System (DNS), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and Kerberos for connect Between machines to one another. Windows Terminal Services as well, Which in Windows NT 4.0 only in one single product only, in Windows 2000 contained in all versions of the server. New features adopted from the Windows 1998 Also Invested in it, Standard and Poor 'Device Manager has been improved (by using the Microsoft Management Console), Windows Media Player, and DirectX 6.1 (Which allows the kernel-based operating system Windows NT to run the game ). Also Windows 2000 is the latest Windows NT-based kernels That does not Require users to perform Activation.

Although Windows 2000 Can update the previous computer running Windows 98, Windows 2000 was not regarded as a product suitable for home users. The reason many, Among Them the lack of device drivers for many scanners Poor 'consumer devices (scanners) and Also the printers (printer), at the time of release. The situation is eventually reversed Pls Windows XP was released by Microsoft.

Windows 2000 is available in six editions:

* Windows 2000 Professional
* Windows 2000 Server
* Windows 2000 Advanced Server
* Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
Windows * 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition
* Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition



Windows Me


In September 2000, Microsoft introduced the Windows Millennium Edition (Also Known as the Windows Me or Windows ME). Upgraded Windows 98 with enhanced multimedia and Internet features. Also this version includes features of System-Restore, Which allowed users to restore system state to a Known fine point, at the time of system failure. Was a System Restore Feature That Is retained in Windows XP. This Also version introduced the first version of Windows Movie Maker.

Windows Me was made in a short time, approximately only one year, Which is intended only to fill the vacuum release Between Windows 1998 and Windows XP as the operating system for home-based classes. The features contained in Windows Me (like Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7.0, and Microsoft DirectX 7.1) Can even be obtained for free from the Windows Update site, except for System Restore. The result, Windows Me was not regarded as an operating system, That Is Unique Among his brothers from a family of Windows 9x, Windows 1995 and Windows 1998. Windows Me was widely criticized for stability problems, and Also support for MS-DOS running in real mode. Browse events as Called Windows Me Windows Mistake Edition.

Windows Me was the last operating system based on the monolithic kernel of Windows 9x and MS-DOS. This version Became the final version of Windows operating systems That do not have a Windows Product Activation (WPA).




Windows XP: merging the product lines



In 2001, Microsoft introduced Windows XP (which has the code name "Whistler". Finally, after releasing Trust Windows-based versions of Windows 9x and NT, Microsoft managed to Unite the two levels of Standard and Poor products. Windows XP using Windows NT 5.1 kernel , making the Windows NT kernel Which Is Known for its stability was entering the home consumer market, to replace the Windows 9x-based product That has been the aging 16/32-bit.

Windows XP is a version of the Windows operating system, The Longest (Until recently at least), Because it Ranges from 2001 Until 2007, Pls Windows Vista was released to consumers. Ranks of the Windows XP operating system Finally succeeded by Windows Vista on January 30, 2007.

Windows XP is available in Standard Chartered Bank versions:

* Windows XP Home Edition, intended for home desktop and laptop market.

* Windows XP Home Edition N ", as usual Home Edition, but do not have Windows Media Player, Because the EU Regulations do not allow that '.

* Windows XP Professional, Designed for both the business and power users.

* Windows XP Professional N, The Same as Professional Edition, but do not have Windows Media Player, as the EU Regulations do not allow it.

* Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE), released in November 2002, Windows XP Home Edition is aimed at the dektop and laptop with an emphasis on home entertainment.

o Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003

o Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004

o Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005, Which was released on October 12, 2004.

* Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, intended for Tablet PC (PC with touch screen)

o Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005

* Windows XP Embedded, embedded systems (embedded systems)

* Windows XP Starter Edition, aimed at computer users in developing countries.

* Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, released on April 25, 2005 for a home-based systems and workstations That use 64-bit processor-based x86-64 instruction set (AMD64 or Intel EM64T).

* Windows XP 64-bit Edition, is a version of Windows XP That is intended for Intel's Itanium line of processors, Which maintains compatibility with 32-bit applications using a software emulator. This version is the Same as Windows XP Professional in features. This product was discontinued in September 2005 the last vendor Pls Itanium processor-based workstations to stop its products as "workstations", Because they want tend to focus on Itanium as a computer database server.

o Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2003, based on Windows NT 5.2 codebase (The Same as Windows Server 2003).






Windows Server 2003


On April 24, 2003, Microsoft launched Windows Server 2003, an update to Windows 2000 Server operating system, Which Offers many security features of the new guide to "Manage Your Server" wizard That simplifies the role of an engine is running, and Also the improved performance . Windows Server 2003 uses the Windows NT kernel version 5.2.

Inside Windows Server 2003, Some services not required in the server environment is disabled by default, ESPECIALLY the "Windows Audio" and "Themes" Reasons for stability; order to use the voice and appearance are the Same as Windows XP, users must activate it manually, through the snap-in Microsoft Management Console Services.msc Addition, hardware acceleration for graphics cards are Also turned off, yet again the user must activate it manually, of course, if the device drivers Used "unreliable."

In December 2005, Microsoft released Windows Server 2003 R2, Which Is Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 plus Some additional packages. Among all the new features is the management features for branch offices, and wide identity integration.

Windows Server 2003 is available in six editions:

* Windows Server 2003, Web Edition
* Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition
* Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition (32-bit and 64-bit)
* Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition
* Windows Server 2003, Small Business Server



Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs as thin client platforms


In July 2006, Microsoft released a version of Windows XP Service Pack 2, Which is intended for thin-client market, Known as the Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (WinFLP). It is only available to Software Assurance customers. Target is making WinFLP to Provide an upgrade option to WHO on their customers are still using Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT Workstation. Most user applications will from the run on a remote machine using Terminal Services or Citrix.



Windows Vista

After winning big success with Windows XP, Microsoft does not then just stopped developing Windows. The latest version of Windows, Called Windows Vista, released on November 30, 2006 [1] for the business while for the home user will from be released on January 30, 2007. Windows Vista intends to have a more robust security than previous versions, by introducing a restricted user mode, Called User Account Control (UAC), to replace the philosophy of "administrator-by-default" in Windows XP.

* Windows Vista Starter
* Windows Vista Home Basic
* Windows Vista Home Premium
* Windows Vista Enterprise
* Windows Vista Ultimate




Windows Home Server

Windows Home Server (formerly code named Q stands for Quattro) is a server product which is derived from Windows Server 2003, designed specifically for use by consumers of home users. This operating system was introduced on January 7, 2007 by Bill Gates. Windows Home Server can be configured and monitored using a console program that can be installed on a PC client. Features the Windows Media Sharing, backup of local drives and remote drives, and duplicate files.


Windows 7

The next release after Windows Vista is Windows 7, formerly known as Blackcomb and Vienna. When first released, this has a kernel of Windows NT version 6.1 build 7600, which fixes from Windows Vista which has the kernel when the first release of NT 6.0 build 6000.


Windows 7 is released on October 22, 2009 It has new security features, such as: Jump List, Taskbar which opened the program with a small display, Windows Media Player 12, Internet Explorer 8, and others. Several unique features is the Sidebar which changed its name to Gadgets and freely placed anywhere on your desktop (not like the Sidebar which can only be placed at a certain place).

Features that make Windows 7 to be attractive. Specifications Windows 7 is lighter and the price is also cheaper than in Windows Vista.

Just like Windows Vista, Windows 7 also comprises six editions:


* Windows 7 Starter
* Windows 7 Home Basic
* Windows 7 Home Premium
* Windows 7 Professional
* Windows 7 Ultimate
* Windows 7 Enterprise

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