History Of Canada And All About Canada

Canada, historically known as the Dominion of Canada, is the northernmost country in North America. Is a federation of 10 provinces and three territories with a decentralized system of government and constitutional monarchy. Formed in 1867 by legislation of the Confederation.

The capital of Canada is Ottawa, where national parliaments and also the residence of Governor General and Prime Minister. Is a former French colony and the United Kingdom, Canada is a member of La Francophonie and the Commonwealth.

Canada is the largest country in North America. Area of Country Canada 9.97061 million sq km

Canada were classified as developed countries and its economy depends mainly on the availability of abundant natural result.



History

Canada has been inhabited by indigenous peoples (known in Canada as a Nation of Canada) for more than 40,000 years. The expedition visited the Scandinavian nation around 1000, briefly lived in a place known as L'Anse aux Meadows.

British claims in North America began when John Cabot reached the place he called "Newfoundland" in 1497. French claims began with the exploration of Jacques Cartier (from 1534) and Samuel de Champlain (from 1603). In 1604, French settlers, who became known as Acadians, were the first Europeans to live permanently in Canada, followed by other French settlements in the St. Lawrence and the Atlantic Canada region.

British settlement established along the Atlantic seaboard and around Hudson Bay. With the expansion of the French and British colonies, and the war between France and Britain in Europe, the French and Indian War broke out as much as four times from 1689 until 1763. In the Paris Accords in 1763, France gave the United Kingdom almost all of New France, including Acadia and what it consists of Quebec and Ontario in the present. Great Britain established colonies of Nova Scotia, Lower Canada, and Canadian Top. New colony of the same with the latest legal rights of the Province of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island was formed immediately. MembentukKanada Canadas cooperate. Combined with the Cape Breton Nova Scotia.

During and after the American Revolution, many British Loyalists left the Thirteen Colonies settled in Canada for junior fashion. Other settlers during this period from the explosion came from Europe, especially the British Isles.

In 1812, War of 1812 began when the United States attacked Canada, in the experiment further destruction of the British Empire was afraid that if being attacked. The people of Canada against, and set burned down the White House when it was in a surprise attack, making the American people entered into a ceasefire.

On July 1, 1867, three colonies - Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick - acknowledged the United Kingdom a constitution, the British North America Act, creating the Dominion of Canada. Comprising the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec (formerly Canada East) and Ontario (formerly Canada West). The term "Confederation" refers to the union in 1867 of this Act.

British colonies and other territories to follow Canada: from 1880, including all regions of Canada except Newfoundland and Labrador current, which joined in 1949. Westminster Act 1931 to establish self-government for Canada. Patriasi Canadian constitution which occurs when the British government mengegolkan Canada Act 1982.

In the second half of the 20th century, some citizens, especially the French-speaking Quebec residents witnessed the independence / sovereignty in two referendums held in 1980 and 1995. In the 1980 referendum vote for independence is 60%; the 1995 Quebec referendum vote for independence was 50.6%.


Canada Geographic's

Canada occupies the northern half of North America. It is bordered by the U.S. in the south and the northwest by Alaska. The country stretches from the Atlantic and Davis Strait in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, which became the motto of this country. In the north lies the Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean, Greenland is located in the northeast.

Since 1925 Canada has claimed the portion of the Arctic, ranging from 60 ° W and 141 ° W. Most northerly residence in Canada (and worldwide) is a Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island - latitude 82.5 ° N - just 834 kilometers from the North Pole.

Canada is the world's second largest country in total area, after Russia, covering about 41% of North American continent. Most of Canada's territory is located in the Arctic regions, however, and thus Canada has only the fourth most unused land after Russia, China and the U.S.. Population density is 3.2 people per square kilometer, which is incredibly low compared to other countries. 80% of the people of Canada live within 200 km from the U.S., regional climate and soil are best planted in the entire country. While Canada covers a wider geographical area than the nearest neighbors, had only a ninth of the population.

Densely populated parts of this country is the valley of the Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence River in the east. Protecting the land north of Canada is a vast, clean tergosok local stone by the end of the ice age, thinly soiled, rich in minerals, and extracted with lakes and streams - over 60% of the world lakes are located in Canada. Hudson Bay Canada protective extensive siege.

Canadian shield to the Atlantic Coast in Labrador, the province of Newfoundland and Labrador uata. The island of Newfoundland, the easternmost region of North America, is at the mouth of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the world's largest estuaries, and the first area inhabited by the people of Europe. Canadian waters protrude eastward from the south coast of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, between the bay to the north and south Atlantic. Province of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, separated by the Bay of Fundy, the Atlantic branch that experienced the largest tidal variations in the world. Prince Edward Island is Canada's smallest province.

In western Ontario, Canada prairie wide and flat consists of the province of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, spread toward the Rocky Mountains, which divide the province of Alberta and British Columbia.

Northern Canadian vegetation ranging from conifer forests to the barren Arctic tundra and finally in the far north. Northern Canada is surrounded by a vast archipelago consisting of some of the largest island on Earth.

Canada is known for a cold climate. Winter here can be very rough in many areas, with the risk of blizzards and ice storms and temperatures reaching as low as -50 ° C can occur in the North. Coastal British Columbia to be an exception: he has a winter climate is milder than other places.

In densely populated areas, last summer ranged from warm to quite hot, reaching more than 30 ° C in Montreal and 15 ° C Iqaluit, Nunavut. In Vancouver, the temperature is usually between 0 to 25 ° C throughout the year, but in some places on the prairie, the temperature can be as low as -40 ° C in winter and as high as 35 ° C in summer. In the Great Lakes region, the temperature ranges from -30 ° C to 35 ° C. The country is experiencing four distinct seasons.

Canada Territory

Canada consists of 10 provinces and three territories. These provinces have a large degree of autonomy from the federal government, while having a bit less territorial. Each has a symbol of the provinces and territories.

These provinces are responsible for most of Canada's social programs (such as health care, education and welfare) and together collect more revenue from the federal government, and is something unique among federations around the world. The federal government may launch a national policy which can be rejected by the provinces, but in reality this rarely happens. "Equation payments" made by the federal government to ensure uniform standards and tax service in accordance maintained between rich and poor provinces.

Criminal law is a primary responsibility of the federal government, and uniform across Canada. However penjalanannya is the responsibility of the provinces, most provinces to run services to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). RCMP is the only police force in the world to run three different legal penjalanan levels: municipal, provincial, and federal.

10 provinces that are unicameral, legislators raised the government headed by Prime Minister who is selected in the same manner as prime minister. Each province also has a lieutenant governor who is not actually a government that represents the queen, was appointed on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada.

Most of the political climate of the province including the provincial colleagues on the three national federal parties. However, some provincial parties did not officially associated with the federal party that gets the same name. Some provinces have regional political parties, sepertiPartai Saskatchewan.

Political climate of the Province of Quebec is quite different, with the main divisions between separatism, represented by the Parti Quebecois, and federalism, represented by the Parti Liberal du Québec.

Three territories that have political power which is smaller than the province, has diciptakanoleh national law by the Parliament rather than the status of those who have been enshrined in the Constitution. There is no lieutenant governor to represent and fulfill the function of the queen. Commissioners who are appointed by politically neutral federal government to act as the "Government of Canada's senior representative." Only the Yukon area legislators who follow the same political system as a provincial legislator. The other two territories use a consensus government system with no parties, who each filed as an independent member, and the premier is appointed by and from members.

The relationship between the federal and territorial governments have been tense. Many conflicts between the two levels of government have become between the use of resources and funding. The poverty rate in the territory has remained large because the isolation, extreme difficulty and cost of goods supply, and scarcity of jobs.


The natives

Constitution Act 1982 recognizes three main groups of indigenous peoples in Canada: Indigenous Peoples, Inuit and Metis. Native population is growing almost two times as fast as other residents in Canada. Natives set about 3% of Canadians, or approximately 790 000 people. Approximately 69% is indigenous, 26% and 5% Inuit Metis.

Now, more than 50 different languages spoken by indigenous people, most of which is spoken only in Canada. However, all but a bit in decline. In the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, there are 11 official languages: English and French with a special position, and six indigenous languages: Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and. The only native language that can be trusted fully tersokong currently is Cree (with 72 885 native speakers), Inuktitut in the NWT and Nunavut; 29 010 speakers), along with the Cree and Ojibwe, Ojibwe speakers will set up 150 000).

Languages

Canada's two official languages are English and French. On July 7, 1969, the French language equal to English through the federal government. It started as a process that defines Canada as a bilingual and multicultural state in the federal level.

    * English and French have equal status in the Parliament of Canada, in federal court and in all federal institutions.

    * Every person is entitled to a criminal trial in English or French.

    * People have a right, if there is enough demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French.

    * The official language minority groups in many provinces and territories have the right to be taught in their language.

    * Because of the multicultural is official policy, to become a citizen one must be able to speak both in English and French.

    * Nearly 98% of Canadians speak either English or French or both.

New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province, a position which specifically guaranteed the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, with its citizens who have the same language rights at the provincial level, as all Canadian citizens have at the federal level. Some provincial governments, particularly Manitoba and Ontario, offers many services to the minority French population.

The official language of Quebec is French, as defined by the Charter of the French language that protects the use of French language, but also provides certain rights of speakers of English and native languages. Quebec provides many government services in French and English.


French is mainly spoken in Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba south. In the 2001 census, 6,864,615 people registered French as mother tongue, of which 85% live in Quebec, and 17,694,835 people registering France as a native language.

Languages other than an official language are also important in Canada, with 5.47082 million people who registered an official language that is not language as official language (three statistics above also includes those who register more than one language). Among the native groups who are not official languages of the most important is Tionghoa (853 745 speakers of the mother), especially Cantonese (322 315), Italy (469 485) and Germany (438 080).

Culture Canada

Canadian culture is heavily influenced the culture and traditions of England and France as a result of the colonial past. In addition, Canadian culture has also been influenced by American culture because of its proximity to the two countries and the migration of people, ideas, capital, and politics across the border. While the inherited culture, the culture of Canada has developed many unique features. In many ways, Canadian culture is more robust and clearly has grown in recent years, mainly due to a sense of nationhood which include Canada in the years that followed the Hundred Years' surrender and Canada in 1967, and also because a focus on programs to support the arts and Canadian culture by the federal government.

Early European people basic help from the Canadian culture. During the colonization of Canada the settlers wrote a lot of folklore about the land around them. Paul Bunyan's story is a product of French-Canadian folklore and dance styles quickly from Newfoundland grak find their home in Ireland.

Many movies, authors, American TV shows and musicians are equally popular in Canada, and vice-versa across the border. Many cultural products of the types that are now leading more and more sold on the market "North America" united, and not specifically a Canadian or American.

U.S. and Canadian governments receive a variety of workers who are close communion in matters of trade, economy, and a company official.

Because Canada and the U.S. have grown closer, many Canadians have developed complex feelings and concerns, regarding what makes Canada the nation that "different" in North America. Large presence of American culture has prompted some fears of "cultural expropriation," and has initiated the formulation of many laws and government institutions to protect Canadian culture. Most distinct Canadian culture remains defined by American culture (see Canadian Identity).

In recent years, Canada has increasingly distinguished itself from the U.S. with more liberal social policies and more conservative fiscal policy. Government of Canada (and the broader Canadian) support the idea of universal health care, gay marriage and decriminalization of marijuana. At the same time, they have supported the fit budget, tax cuts and free trade. Canadian people also tend to live in or near urban areas such as Toronto's huge, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Calgary, and Edmonton.

National Symbols

The use of maple leaf as a symbol of Canada can be sorted through in the 18th century, and described the current and previous flags, cents, and on the emblem. Canada is known for his extensive forest and mountain range (including the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and British Columbia) and the wild animals who live with it, such as elk, karibou, otters, polar bears, and grizzly bear. Canada's little known to the armed Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and products made from domestic resources, such as maple syrup. About hockey, Canada's official winter sport, also often used as a national symbol of unity and pride. Snow, winter, and north of the country's climate has also created a view of the people of Canada.

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